Act One of Bruce Norriss Play Clybourne Park

The play Clybourne Park by Bruce Norris is set in a modest three-bedroom bungalow in central Chicago. Clybourne Park is a fictional neighborhood, first mentioned in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun.   At the end of A Raisin in the Sun, a white man named Mr. Lindner tries to convince  a black couple not to move into Clybourne Park. He even offers them a substantial sum to purchase back the new home so that the white, working-class community can maintain its status quo. It isnt mandatory to know the story of A Raisin in the Sun to appreciate Clybourne Park, but it certainly enriches the experience. You can read a detailed, scene by scene summary of A Raisin in the Sun to enhance your comprehension of this play. Setting the Stage Act One of Clybourne Park takes place in 1959, in the home of Bev and Russ, a middle-aged couple who are preparing to move to a new neighborhood. They bicker (sometimes playfully, sometimes with underlying hostility) about various national capitals and the  origin of Neapolitan ice cream. Tensions mount when Jim, the local minister, stops by for a chat. Jim hopes for a chance to discuss Russ feelings. We learn that their adult son committed suicide after returning from the Korean War. Other people arrive, including Albert (husband of Francine, Bevs maid) and Karl and Betsy Lindner. Albert arrives to take his wife home, but the couple becomes involved in the conversation and the packing process, despite Francines attempts to leave. During the conversation, Karl drops the bombshell: the family that plans to move into Bev and Russ home is colored. Karl Doesnt Want Change Karl tries to convince the others that the arrival of a black family will negatively affect the neighborhood. He claims that housing prices will go down, neighbors will move away, and non-white, lower-income families will move in. He even tries to obtain the approval and understanding of Albert and Francine, asking them if they would want to live in a neighborhood like Clybourne Park. (They decline to comment  and do their best to stay out of the conversation.) Bev, on the other hand, believes that the new family could be wonderful people, no matter the color of their skin. Karl is the most overtly racist character in the play. He makes several outrageous statements, and yet in his mind, he is presenting logical arguments. For example, while trying to illustrate a point about racial preferences, he recounts his observations on a ski vacation: KARL: I can tell you, in all the time Ive been there, I have not once seen a colored family on those slopes. Now, what accounts for that? Certainly not any deficit in ability, so what I have to conclude is that for some reason, there is just something about the pastime of skiing that doesnt appeal to the Negro community. And feel free to prove me wrong†¦ But youll have to show me where to find the skiing Negroes. Despite such small-minded sentiments, Karl believes himself to be progressive. After all, he supports the Jewish-owned grocery store in the neighborhood. Not to mention, his wife, Betsy, is deaf — and yet despite her differences, and despite the opinions of others, he married her. Unfortunately, his core motivation is economic. He believes that when non-white families move into an all-white neighborhood, the financial value decreases, and investments are ruined. Russ Gets Mad As Act One continues, tempers boil. Russ doesnt care who is moving into the house. He is extremely disappointed and angry at his community. After being discharged because of disgraceful conduct (it is implied that he killed civilians during the Korean War), Russ son could not find work. The neighborhood shunned him. Russ and Bev received no sympathy or compassion from the community. They felt abandoned by their neighbors. And so, Russ turns his back on Karl and the others. After Russ caustic monologue in which he claims I dont care if a hundred Ubangi tribesman with a bone through the nose overrun this goddamn place (Norris 92), Jim the minister responds by saying Maybe we should bow our heads for a second (Norris 92). Russ snaps and wants to punch Jim in the face. To calm things down, Albert places his hand on Russ shoulder. Russ whirls toward Albert and says: Putting your hands on me? No sir. Not in my house you dont (Norris 93). Before this moment, Russ seems apathetic about the issue of race. In the scene mentioned above, however, it seems Russ reveals his prejudice. Is he so upset because someone is touching his shoulder? Or is he outraged that a black man has dared to put hands on Russ, a white man? Bev Is Sad Act One ends after everyone (except Bev and Russ) leaves the house, all with various feelings of disappointment. Bev tries to give away a chafing dish to Albert and Francine, but Albert firmly yet politely explains, Maam, we dont want your things. Please. We got our own things. Once Bev and Russ are alone, their conversation feebly returns to small talk. Now that her son is dead and she will be leaving behind her old neighborhood, Bev wonders what she will do with all of the empty time. Russ suggests that she fill the time up with projects. The lights go down, and Act One reaches its somber conclusion.

The Social Problems Facing Homeless Youth - 2038 Words

The homeless youth demographic continues to endure difficult circumstances and encounter a variety of social problems, leading to their increased vulnerability in our communities. The social problems facing homeless youth vary from external and internal barriers. Some notable external barriers are being uninsured for proper health care, not having parental permission and therefore being denied access to services (Esparza, 2009). Along with, dealing with prejudice, lack of respect, and transportation problems (Stewart et al., 2010). Internal barriers include, lacking the knowledge about numerous social support sites, fearing the scenario of not being taken seriously, as well as, fearing police and authority figures, and so on (Esparza, 2009). Youth homelessness has been and continues to be severely problematic on many fronts. Globally there are roughly 100 million homeless youth (Arnold Rotheram-Borus, 2009). In Canada, research demonstrates a significant increase in the number of ho meless youth, and what was once ranged from 10,000 to 20,000 in 1993, went to 50,000 in 1999 (Kelly Caputo, 2007). The plight of homeless youth has always captured my attention and concern due to the awareness of a few homeless youth brought into my life. Having the opportunity to volunteer with organizations that work to enhance the lives of this demographic has been insightful, taught me a great deal, and changed my own perspective on life. It led to the realization of how different ourShow MoreRelatedHomelessness And The Homeless Youth1442 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness is a major problem in the United States. An incredibly vulnerable group is the homeless youth due to their young age and lack of education. According to Edidin, Ganim, Hunter, Karnik (2012) on any particular night in the United States there are ~2 million homeless youth living on the streets, in shelters, or in other temporary accommodation. Youth become homeless for multiple reasons whether it be because they have aged out of foster care, ran from home, were kicked out of their homeRead MoreEssay On Homeless Programs838 Words   |  4 Pagescannot maintain their operation without sufficient funding. However, increased funding for homeless programs can sligh tly reduce homelessness. In â€Å"Does Increased Funding for Homeless Programs Reduce Chronic Homelessness?†, Shawn Moulton estimates a â€Å"fixed-effects model† to examines the effect of new federal homeless funding on homelessness. The data from Moulton’s estimate implies that increased funding for homeless programs can decrease homelessness, and the data also indicates that the â€Å"first-year costRead MoreSocial Research On Ethical And Political Context1556 Words   |  7 PagesHSW322 Applied Social Research in ethical and political context Assessment one - Literature Review Student: Mineeka De Been FOCUS OF THE PROPOSAL The focus of this proposal is to undertake a comprehensive needs assessment of the current Barwon South West Region’s Youth Homelessness Services, with the aim of locating and bridging gaps that are presently in the services system, by collecting and analysing information such as assessment data, client interviews and so forth (Depoy Gilson, 2003, p75)Read MoreAging Out of the Foster Care System1281 Words   |  5 PagesHealth and Human Services, every year close to 25,000 youth age out of the foster care system and are faced with cold hard realities of adulthood. This does not include the youth who leave the system, which is estimated to be another 30,000. Most adolescents anticipate their eighteenth birthday, as it brings on a new found sense of independence and most importantly a time of celebration. However when foster children reach eighteen, they begin facing the challenges of transitioning to adulthood. TheseRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Runaways in the United States 1144 Words   |  5 Pagesaccording to the National Runaway Switchboard (NRS). The statistics regarding the rates of juveniles in this country that runaway are surprising. Unfortunately with all of the children out on the street our system is not doing much to combat the problem. In most states running away is not illegal, which leaves law enforcement with few options when attempting to locate or recover a missing runaway child. It has been said that, young people are reacting to a society that has devalued human relationsRead MoreA Research Study On The Lgbt Homeless Youth Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesThese costs and effects are in are in another research project. Markus Bidell, Professor of Education at CUNY, research stress levels in the LGBT Homeless Youth. â€Å"Is There an Emotional Cost of Completing High School? Ecological Factors and Psychological Distress Among LGBT Homeless Youth,† was a conducted study of LGBT homeless youth experiences in during high school (Bidell 366). Bidell reported that 40 percent did not compete high school, and most did not search for support from GSAs and schoolRead MoreHomeless : Should We Help Them?1392 Words   |  6 Pages#Homeless. Should we Help them? Every human in this world have the right to live decent life. Homelessness is the people do not have home. Home is huge meaning for feel safe. No home that’s mean no good place to sleep, no food, no family and even no friends. No anything from basic necessities of life. Imagine you are live like them. What is your feeling about it? Is it hard or simple? Is it good or bad? According to Collaborative Initiative to Help End Chronic Organization, â€Å"Using Continuum of CareRead MoreCauses Of Homelessness1405 Words   |  6 Pagesand interventions to be able to help the homeless population, we must understand their mental health and behavioral needs. The information they all share in common are the factors why a specific type of population became homeless. The interrelation of homelessness and mental illness are informed by many factors such as; the lack of support, extreme poverty, substance abuse, lack of affordable health insurance, and lack of affordable housing. The homel ess population shares different struggles whenRead MoreAging Out of Foster Care Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pageswith little to no experience? How will they put themselves through school? Aging out of foster care is a serious issue among America’s youth. Every year, 20,000 children will age out with nowhere to go, being expected to be able to survive on their own (Reilly 728). Young adults face various obstacles upon aging out of foster care, such as multiple health problems/issues, homelessness, and finding/maintaining a job. One challenge young adult’s face after aging out of foster care is being providedRead MoreThe Issue Of Transsexual Homelessness And Health1454 Words   |  6 Pageswith a gender that is distinct from which is assigned to them at birth are at a greater risk for being subjected to social isolation, emotional and physical trauma, infectious disease, chemical dependency, discrimination, infectious disease, and the limited access housing, employment opportunities, as well as healthcare. Homelessness is the compounding factor to all these risks facing transsexual individuals (Rew, Whittaker, Taylor†Seehafer Smith, 2005). A misunderstanding of gender variance has resulted

Love and Literature Essay - 877 Words

Love is an inborn suffering proceeding from the sight and immoderate thought upon the beauty of the other sex, for which cause above all other things one wishes to embrace the other and, by common assent, in this embrace to fulfill the commandments of love. . . . once said Andreas Capellanus, the twelfth century French author of a well-known but skeptical book, The Art of Courtly Love. Despite Capellanus’s attempt to provide others with an accurate definition of love, he fails in doing so; trying to achieve the impossible; Capellanus is unaware in composing a meaning of love that with its great ambiguity, love cannot ever be defined as a single phrase; its true meaning, which lies in the eyes of each different individual, includes a vast†¦show more content†¦While the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the concept of courtly love, a notion dealing with the affection men and women felt for each other, as â€Å"a late medieval conventionalized code prescribing conduct and emotions of ladies and their lovers,† the Oxford English dictionary defines courtly love as â€Å"a highly conventionalized medieval tradition of love between a knight and a married noblewoman, first developed by the troubadours of Southern France and extensively employed in European literature of the time . The love of the knight for his lady was regarded as an ennobling passion and the relationship was typically unconsummated.† Said to have been practiced first in the year 1702, courtly love seems to exemplify dignified and sophisticated culture, and offers what might have been the origin of romanticism, a word defined by the Encarta Dictionary as â€Å"the quality of being romantic or having romantic inclinations.† The practice of courtly love, one that derived from the group known as the troubadours, or musicians of the early twelfth century encouraged a formalized new system of paganism called Gai Saber, meaning literally â€Å"the happy wisdom†. Troubadours, imaginative people from the Provence region of southern France successfully challenged and attempted to redefine the customary Christian ideals of love, including: marital relationships, masculine andShow MoreRelatedLove in Literature2486 Words   |  10 PagesLove in Literature We live in a complex world, where love and logic do not always exist cohesively, however, literature often brings these two elements together. Authors sometimes use the concept of love as a theme for their work, logically, and methodically using it as a tool in their writing. The different forms of love are often used by authors as a catalyst for positive character development. In this essay, works by different authors will be used to demonstrate some of the forms of love usedRead MoreLove Is A Cornerstone Of Literature1331 Words   |  6 PagesLove is something that every human being as capable of feeling. No matter how hard an individual tries to avoid it, they will at one time or another will be blindsided by love. Love can come in many different forms, love for parents, love for money, love for country, to name of few. Love is something that our race has been focused on since the beginning. Civilizations have written about love throughout the ages and it has been a cornerstone o f literature. Love has started wars, ended nations, createdRead MoreLove and Sacrifice in Literature2318 Words   |  10 PagesThe concepts of love and sacrifice are closely related and feature consistently throughout literature. To study the relationship between these ideas in more depth I have selected a range of texts over an extensive time period, these include Romeo and Juliet by Sir William Shakespeare, Titanic by James Cameron, Saint Joan by Bernard Shaw and Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson. The different eras that these texts explore will be instrumental in establishing the type of connection the two conceptsRead MoreLove and Marriage in Renaissance Literature1228 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst began to write poems about humble men falling in love with women who were admirer and adored by their lovers. Furthermore, intense love between men and women became a central subject in European literature, like between Tristan and Iseult, Lancelot and Guinevere, or Aeneas and D ido. But it was not question of marriage. Actually, marriage and love did not match very well together but then Renaissance literature developed the concepts of love and marriage and recorded the evolution of the relationRead MoreThemes Of Love And Freedom In World Literature837 Words   |  4 PagesLove and freedom! Where do Love and Freedom show up in the same place? They come together as themes in World Literature. World Literature is the diverse variety of genres in books that have been spread worldwide and have become well known. It is important to know about these two themes to share and understand everyones unique perspectives. The large collection of striking viewpoints creates many diverse and intriguing themes. Two of the biggest themes that can be found in books are Love and FreedomRead MoreLove and Lust in Indian Literature Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe pursuit of love and pleasure is well documented in Indian literature and theoretical texts, its sensual and powe rful nature weaving its way into the history of Indian culture. Kama, as this pursuit is so called, is all encompassing of pleasures of both carnal and more educated stature, such as the pursuit of enjoyment in drama and musical endeavors. In the literature based on the more literal sense of â€Å"love between two people† there are two distinct types of this affection: that of the carnalRead MoreLove and Marriage in Renaissance Literature Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesLove and Marriage in Renaissance Literature In medieval Europe, the troubadours (poets of the southern part of France), like Guilhem IX, or Cercamon, first began to write poems about humble men falling in love with women who were admirer and adored by their lovers. Furthermore, intense love between men and women became a central subject in European literature, like between Tristan and Iseult, Lancelot and Guinevere, or Aeneas and Dido. But it was not question of marriageRead MoreLove, Sex, and the Gods in World Literature2160 Words   |  9 PagesLove, Sex, and the Gods in World Literature Literature throughout world history contains many of the same themes and motifs. The works that will be discussed in this paper: Homer’s The Iliad, Aristophanes’ Lysistrata, and Ovid’s Metamophoses, all contain common themes. The first theme is love, whether it is the love between a man and a woman, parent and child, or the love of siblings. Love is a driving force for many of the characters in these works. The second theme is sex, whether it is symbolicRead MoreThe Changing Face of Love in English Literature1528 Words   |  7 PagesLove is a common theme in most literature, as either an underlying theme or as the stimulus for the story, as it is an emotion that has great power and is also universally understood. The writers we have studied have written about love in its many forms, from the cerebral to the visceral and they have used this complex emotion to propel their stories and their sonnets. As we progress forward in time we see a distinct change in th e freedom writers had as they addressed this theme and a change in theRead MoreEssay on Attitudes Toward Love in French literature838 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the centuries, literature has provided a way to express oneself, while at the same time, allowing the reader to experience a different kind of life through the stories. As a creation of humans, literature tends to reflect the ideals and thoughts of its writer, while also providing a glimpse into the society, in which the writer penned the story. Perhaps one of the greatest and most intriguing human emotions is love and this theme is present in literature from its beginning to the present

Online Shopping Case Study - 1471 Words

Introduction: The evolution of technology and the internet has brought tremendous change to all facets of daily life. One area where this change is overwhelmingly evident is retail. Where once consumers had to physically go to a store in order to purchase goods and had a limited view of competitors, consumers are now able to shop from anywhere on their mobile devices, and access competing prices with ease. This was great for consumers and online retailers, but for brick-and-mortar businesses like Best Buy, this posed a significant challenge. Brick-and-mortar retailers were tasked with the challenge to adapt and overcome the competition posed by the online retail market, or risk being left in the past. Analysis: The global online†¦show more content†¦It attempted to block customers from using price-matching apps to scan barcodes by implementing their own exclusive in-store barcodes. Best Buy also created their own shopping app and partnered with third-party apps to cater to the mobile demand, and produced exclusive in-store products. However, these actions failed to prevent customers from showrooming, which forced Best Buy to implement a price-matching policy to combat the low online prices. The price-matching policy adopted by Best Buy is a risky bet, with the potential for positive and negative effects. On the positive side, permanent price-matching boosts Best Buy’s image as a trustworthy and reputable brand. A successful brand is a promise fulfilled (Diane, â€Å"Brand Power†) and with this policy, Best Buy is doing just that. By promising customers the ability to price match from reputable online retailers, it shows consumers that they are transparent, a nd are out to give consumers the best deal. Another pro of price-matching is that it gives consumers the best of both online and physical retail. Permanent price matching gives consumers the ability to test out products in store, and not miss out on better online prices. These pros enhance business-consumer relations, but have a negative impact solely on the side of Best Buy. One negative is that a lower sell price will result in lower profits if there is no increase in sales as a result. It is difficult for Best Buy to compete with online retailers becauseShow MoreRelatedOnline Shopping Case Study1407 Words   |  6 Pages Who would have ever imagined that buying groceries online would be an option to the general public? The internet has taken over nearly every aspect of the business world, and the grocery business is the most recent item added to the list. The grocery business is enormous, but they were uncertain about what their future may hold due to the increase in online reta il. They knew that their next move would have to be to take their business online if they wanted to continue to flourish. Amazon saw thisRead MoreAn Investigation Of Online Shopping1621 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: An investigation of online shopping and how does it influence NTIC students’ daily life. Observations have shown that there has been a rapid development in an economic world. We have witnessed a tremendous change about shopping online. According to UCLA Center for Communication Policy (2001), online shopping has been regarded as the third most prevalent activity on the Internet, only followed by e-mail and website usage. It plays an important role, not only in retail stores, but alsoRead MoreThe Advantages and Risks of Online Shopping Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pagesinternet, online commerce become quite common and plays an important role in the modern world. The online business has booming development in these few years. US online retail sales raised an average of 11% in the first three months of 2009 (â€Å"US Online Sales Up,† 2009). The growth of online sales may due to the growing number of consumers who shop online. In the case of Asia, survey reported 77.6% of In ternet users have online shopping experiences in 2003 (as cited in To, Liao Lin, 2007). Online shoppingRead MoreOnline Shopping Conduct And Internet Shopping Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Online shopping is almost to synonymous to customary shopping through brick and mortar stores. As indicated by UCLA Center for Communication Policy, online shopping has been rising as a standout among the most famous web exercises, marginally behind e-mailing and internet surfing and in addition surpasses online entertainment search and online news. Online shopping conduct (additionally called web purchasing conduct and Internet shopping/purchasing conduct) implies to the procedure ofRead MoreCustomer Loyalty Towards E Shopping Websites Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe key objective of the study about was to analyses the customer loyalty towards e-shopping websites. From this study apart from customer loyalty various other important key findings were also found. When it comes to customer retention whether its brick and mortar or through online medium the 3 major and key areas that has to be concentrated by anybody who is involved in this business are 1. Delivery of the product 2. Performance of the product 3. Post purchase service and being responsiveRead MoreDiffernce Between Online and Physical Shopping1194 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Online shopping or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet without an intermediary service. An online shop, eshop, e-store, Internet shop, webshop, webstore, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or shopping centre As we know that online shopping is the easy way shopping but also there are certain advantages asRead MoreResearch Paper1655 Words   |  7 Pages Varying Definitions of Online Platform and Their effects on customers’ behaviors Research Meichen Qian University of California, Irvine HWID# 361 Author note Meichen Qian is now at Department of Social Science, University of California, Irvine. This researcher is a final paper for the Social Science 3A courses. Contact: Meichenq@uci.edu Abstract This paper explores five published articles that report on results from research conducted on online platform and the changes they madeRead MoreFactors Affecting The Indian Online Retail Market1201 Words   |  5 PagesOnline retail market in India: Recent changes in the Retail environment in India have pave way for major changes in the infrastructure, technology, regulation, shift in demographic patterns and changes in consumer preferences Broadbridge and Srivastava (2008). The main reasons for the transformation of retail market in India are factors such as rising disposable income, socio-economic growth, urbanization, demographic transitions, increasing middle income group and high demand. Broadbridge and SrivastavaRead MoreThe Spread Of Internet Usage1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthe retail sector. As can be seen, many retailers began to use online channels, as they take advantage of one of the most successful platforms of trade (Limayem et al., 2000; Levy and Weitz, 2001; Shim et al., 2001). The growth of new online shopping channels catches the attention of consumers who have become excited to try this new platform. Although Internet shopping channels seem to be growing, the growth of grocery shopping via online has been slow er than other forms of retail (Yan and OpperwalRead MoreImplementing Purchase Of Books Over The Internet Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pageseasy internet access, online shopping has reached a large number of users today. In order to buy a product online, a user has to resort to multiple sources during the course of their purchase, in order to gain information about the product and the purchase. In this project, we build a smart webstore called Shopomatic, designed to simplify the process of purchase of books over the internet [1]. Shopomatic contains the basic functionality of webstores, designed for online shopping [2] [3]. These basic

American Indian Hist Free Essays

The question of what motivates people more when they act – cultural priorities, such as religion or tradition, or the so-called â€Å"rational† motivations, such as economics and politics – has been one long debated on. This debate has been quite fierce, members of both sides providing valid and powerful arguments to support their claims. One of the focal points for this discussion are the people known under the blanket term â€Å"Native Americans†. We will write a custom essay sample on American Indian Hist or any similar topic only for you Order Now Where did their motivations stem from? Was it merely pragmatism, a wish to get the most out of any outsiders? Or was culture and tradition vital to decision making? It is doubtless that both of these factors were present, however, the question is, which was the initial factor of influence, dominating thought and action. Scholars have attempted to prove points both ways. I support the side which claims that culture was the primary factor. I shall first provide counter-arguments to the opposing side, then provide supporting arguments for my own claim. First, however, it must be noted that Native Americans is a very catchall term, which is used for lack of a better one. As the website of the Native American research center states, â€Å"It must be emphasized that no one person speaks for Indian People. There are nearly three hundred distinct American Indian Nations in the present United States. Each has its own language and history, its own sacred places and rituals. Each is rooted in and part of the land out of which it grew. â€Å" There are dozens of tribes, including some that are officially considered extinct now, that had quite different customs. If we say that there were Native Americans and they had one kind of culture and, as a consequence, had the same customs, we may just as well say that there are Europeans and they have one culture, completely losing the obvious distinctions between different nations. The cultures of different tribes of Native Americans are very different – to deny this would be to unjustly diminish their cultural value – and yet there are cultural tendencies, and there are exceptions. I will attempt to prove that the tendency is to use tradition as a guideline, and the occasions where â€Å"pragmatical† reasons have been primary are the exceptions verifying the rule. First I shall examine the political argument. It seems very difficult to think that â€Å"politics† in the sense that we understand them now had an influence on the Native Americans. When we think of â€Å"politics† we think of diplomatic traditions, of treaties that are made to be broken, of backstabbing. This, however, was not the dominant case with Native Americans. As Dee Brown wrote in his book â€Å"Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee†, â€Å"So tractable, so peaceable, are these people,’ Columbus wrote to the King and Queen of Spain [referring to the Tainos on the island of San Salvador, so was named by Columbus], ‘that I swear to your Majesties there is not in the world a better nation. They love their neighbors as themselves, and their discourse is ever sweet and gentle, and accompanied with a smile; and though it is true that they are naked, yet their manners are decorous and praiseworthy. † This was verified a number of times by other observations, Columbus’s report being merely the most famous occasion. Time after time, the settlers used the same tactic. While officially recognizing the natives as owners of the land, they used any tactic possible to get them to sell the land, up to getting the chief of the tribe drunk. Then, once the treaty – which usually went along the lines of â€Å"There are white men on your lands now anyway, but give us a part of your land, and we will not go on your land without your permission. † – was signed, in a few years the expansion continued in the same manner, and new treaties were signed. Despite these circumstances, there have been virtually no instances of the treaties between the Indians and the Europeans being broken by the Indians – however, Europeans were breaking these treaties constantly, in 99% of the cases! One would think that if politics were the defining factor in the Native American’s way of dealing they would have changed their tactic after the first few times these treaties were broken – they were not fools, and hundreds of years of such tactics would have destroyed even the most saintly naivete. So the conclusion must be that there was something more than mere hope that the white men would see reason standing behind these promises that forced the Native Americans to keep them. The next common choice for primary motivation is economics. However, despite the fact that the Indians had private property and were no strangers to trade, this could hardly be the dominating motivation. First of all, the Indians were completely self-supporting. Even if they did require something essential they could not produce themselves – which was fairly rare – other Native American tribes generally proved much better business partners, generally being more honest than the Europeans. Consequentially, all the Europeans could offer them were luxuries. This, naturally, should not be underestimated as a lure in any way. However, a trade which truly entails only luxuries is always small by necessity. In any case, trade relationships were not nearly so large-scale as in the Old World. They could not have been the driving motivation Also, we have numerous documents that detail the interaction between Native Americans and European settlers. The initial reply to the abovementioned land-selling treaties was nearly always quite similar. For instance, an excerpt from the 1752 Abenaki Conference between Captain Phineas Stevens and the St. Francis Indians shows the Indian’s attitude to these treaties: â€Å"4 – But we will not cede one single inch of the lands we inhabit beyond what has been decided formerly by our fathers. 5 – You have the sea for your share from the place where you reside; you can trade there; but we expressly forbid you to kill a single Beaver, or to take a single stick of timber on the lands we inhabit; if you want timber we’ll sell you some, but you shall not take it without our permission. † And there exists a number of other documents revealing a similar attitude. Could this, in truth, only be showing that the Indians merely wanted a better deal? One could naturally gain a leeway in trade by keeping the land and selling its resources. However, it is a basic law of economics that one wishing to trade must meet the demand. Had this trade in itself been a factor of dire importance to the Indians, they would have put forth an effort to convince the Europeans that trading would prove profitable. However, the attitude that prevails in documents is one of indifference. It seems like the Indians did not care for the presence of Europeans. If the white men wished a trade, then they would get a trade. If they did not, the Indians seemed perfectly content to let them live without making any more contact than absolutely necessary. Trade was not of importance – it influenced the relationship between the natives and settlers when it was present, but it was by no means the most important factor. On the other hand, tradition and culture was of extreme importance, influencing entire tribe’s behaviors – especially such a part of culture as religion. For Native Americans religion was of utmost importance. Even the Canadian Jesuit missionaries remarked that the Native Americans were highly religious – and not in the â€Å"Sunday Christian† sense, either, but with deep roots and a great influence of every aspect of their lives. This is a characteristic feature of most tribal societies, where little distinction is made between the sacral and the mundane. However, for Indians religion had special relevance, as it was one of the things that allowed them to cling on to their cultural identity, saving them from assimilation. Yet even before this was a relevant factor, religion permeated nearly every aspect of Native American life. Their religion was (and remains) one of pure personal experience, not leaving any room for dogma. The Native American worldview is mythological. For all practical purposes, this means that religious factors such as hunting rituals and their theoretical results are the perceived as being absolutely as physically real as an arrow fired into an animal, having the same kind of cause-and-effect that a physical event might. A deal with a spirit, for instance, is treated as seriously as a treaty with a human. A spirit’s warning was heeded as much as a human’s would, with absolutely the same kind of discretion. And magical means of solving problems were taken as absolutely valid. One of the most well known incidents was in 1876, before the battle at Little-Big-Horn when the famed Sitting Bull performed a three-day shamanic ritual to decide what to do with the white men, staring at the sun and wounding himself until he fell unconscious. After he came to, he announced that the white men were there for the Indians to take, because he saw white men fall into the Indian’s camp headfirst, losing their hats, meaning they would be the killed by the Indians. Also he announced that â€Å"They had no ears†, i. e. they were deaf to reason, giving the Indians a moral right to attack. This is not the only incidence of religion influencing political activity. The Ghost Dance religion can be cited as another famous example, showing how Native American religion changed with the times, how it adapted to the flow of time and adopted alien cultural notions and yet survived without losing all of its cultural value, keeping the spirit, though changing the form. One might say that this lack of dissemination between regular life and religious life simply brings more factors into the political games. Religious leaders are used as figure heads for power play, and spirits are dealt with in the same manner humans are dealt with – if, indeed, the shamans who contact the spirits even believe in them and not use them as a means of their own power and control! This is, however, hardly the case, as there are numerous arguments against this position in the study of tribal societies as a whole. Firstly, their religion was always very personal. Every single Indian had their own religious experience and, as with any religion that requires its neophytes to work out their own niche – clergy being needed only in extreme cases – it is always very strong. The strength of this experience makes it difficult to give anything that is lower than it is a higher priority. The Native Americans did not believe in their gods watching over them – they knew the gods were there as much as they knew that their teepee was still standing. And while white men were considered a temporary nuisance, guests or invaders at best, and were treated that way, the gods were almost like family, and treated with necessary respect and given due priority. Second, as the phenomenon of the Ghost Dance shows, the acts done out of religion were not necessarily the wisest politically – such as the sending out of search parties to look for the Messiah said to be an incarnation of Jesus, and this at the time when men were crucial to survival – so faking divine inspiration for political power is ruled out. So, if the leaders genuinely believed in what they saw, the fate of hundreds and thousands rested within religion – more than enough to define it as one of the crucial influencing factors. It can be seen that politics and trade simply not as much of an influence on life, while religious and cultural activity was always extremely important, guiding the life of every Indian to a certain extent. This was the source of much misunderstanding, since for Europeans politics often took the leading role when religion failed to provide the necessary support and guidance. This made both sides misinterpret the others’ actions, resulting in a long and bloody war that spanned generations. The Native Americans also had also led wars between each other in the past; they were no strangers to military tactics. However, their wars had rules – ones that the settlers naturally broke, thus spelling defeat for the natives. This also shows just how big a role does tradition play in Native American society – had they adapted to the way of war which the Europeans brought to them, they would have survived losing less than they did. In conclusion, it can be said that, as we have seen, purely empirical evidence proves that the Native Americans did not use either politics or economics as the prime guideline for building the relationships either among themselves or between them and Europeans. These factors were not considered firsthand in any crisis situation, and even 370 years of war against the Europeans did not put them very high on the list of priorities. However, ethics and religion made quite an impact on the decisions made by the Native American people, and remain influential factors in their thinking to this day. This was the true motivation of most Native Americans, and remains so up to modern times. Works cited. 1. American Indian Culture Research Center: http://www. bluecloud. org/dakota. html 2. Dee Brown, â€Å"Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West†, Henry Holt Company; Reprint edition (February 1, 1991) 3. Terry L. Anderson, â€Å"Dances with myths – truths about American Indians’ environmental ethics†, Reason, February 1997. 4. Ghost Dance Religion: http://www. bgsu. edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost. html 5. Cultures of North America: http://www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/index. shtml 6. Cultures of North America: http://www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/index. shtml 7. David Stannard, â€Å"The American Holocaust†, Oxford University Press, 1992. 8. The Massacre at Wounded Knee: http://www. hanksville. org/daniel/lakota/Wounded_Knee. html 9. The Wampum Chronicles: Mohawk Territory on the Internet: http://www. wampumchronicles. com/index. html 10. George E. Tinker, â€Å"Religion†: http://college. hmco. com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_032600_religion. htm 11. NativeWeb: http://www. nativeweb. org/ 12. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler: http://digital. library. okstate. edu/kappler/Vol1/HTML_files/toc. html 13. Abenaki Conference with Phineas Stevens. Documents Related to the Colonial History of the State of New York Vol. X. pg. 252-254. Donated by Jeffery Miller – Administrator of Fort #4. http://www. avcnet. org/ne-do-ba/doc_1752. html 14. The Manataka Oath, Creed and Code of Conduct: http://www. manataka. org/page182. html How to cite American Indian Hist, Papers

Ethical Analysis Of Organization Accounting - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Analysis Of Organization Accounting. Answer: Introduction Ethics is nothing but dignified ideas and standards of human conducts and moral behaviors. It incorporates the disciplines of esteem, for example, the equality of all men and women, mortal or characteristic rights, compliance to the laws of a region, concern for wellbeing and security of others and so on. Accounting refers to the classification and management of the business or of the financial trades and sorting, confirming, and maintaining a detailed report of the outcomes of a particular organization or even an individual. In short, accountants plan, investigate and keep up the budgetary records. Accountants usually work for a company, operating with the company's accounts. Accountants may deal with an assortment of assignments, which includes been associated with an organization's financial activities or different installments. There are numerous types of varieties of an accountants designation depending on the work field of the respective accountants. From accounting clerks to a n auditor everyone has somewhat extraordinary and unique obligations and duties. This report analyses the basic ethics an accountant needs to maintain or should develop over the course of work life. Views of different authors regarding the need for ethics among accountants have also been discussed in this report. Discussion Integrity Honesty is an essential principle in the field of accountancy. It is expected that accountants are to be completely transparent, honest and candid with a customer's financial data. Accountants need to limit themselves from any individual benefits or advantages which can be gained by utilizing confidential data of the customers. While differences or variation in feelings concerning the accountancy laws exists, competent accountants need to make sure a significant distance from the scope of betrayal and have control over money related particulars are maintained (Alleyne 2014). Almost all public or governmental accountancy business firms often construct moral codes for accountants to follow. The aforementioned ethical norms or guidelines make certain that accountants function with uniformity while maintaining proper ethics. Even in the case where particular tenets or measured precautions are not defined, accountants should audit their activities to guarantee they are following commonly acknowledged standards. A dilemma related to trustworthiness occurs typically when accountants, in the case of working in an open practice or performing internal task or even in case of evaluating administrations, are influenced by the director or anyone having superior authorities, have the urge to agree to customers demands with conceivably physically misquoted money related explanations (Mintz 2014). The familiar reasoning for such pressure includes desire to gain profit, meeting or surpassing scheduled work or expanding income over an earlier period. The legitimization that it is a one-time task is ordinarily given by superiors to persuade an accountant to oblige, yet only once in a while does it work that way. Once an organization begins to control and exploit its profit, it slides down the notorious moral tricky incline, and frequently there is no turning back. To have integrity means to be transparent and fair in all fields of expertise and business connections. This central rule requires an expert accountant not to be convoluted but sincere and unbiased in doing his work (Amponsah, Boateng and Onuoha 2016). Uprightness is vital in the work life of an accountant and in the profession itself. Its absence can have a significant impact in the work field in general. Impartialness and Independence Objectivity and autonomy are essential moral esteem in the calling of accountancy. Accountants must steer clear of unethical circumstances and other flawed business matters when leading tasks regarding administrations. Not being able to stay on course and maintain autonomy may cause hindrance to the accountants ability to present a legit interpretation of an organization's financial activities. Objectivity and freedom are additionally of essential moral values for inspectors. The accountancy businesses more often than not restrict the number of services that a particular accountant can offer to the customers (Nitzl and Hirsch 2016). The profession of accountancy administrations incorporates accounting, reviewing and managing consultancy services. Accountants who implement multiple policies among these, for a customer, have the risk of losing their objectivity and freedom. For instance, internal accountants who are entrusted with the duties of reviewing a companys financial activities may choose to conceal or even alter the relevant data to make a more suitable statement for the company. Professional proficiency The concept of professional proficiency or ability involves the actions and mindsets required of the accountants that maintain a certain level of understanding of the profession. Accountants need to work persistently by maintaining appropriate skill and specialization standards while providing deft administration. Maintaining a certain degree of authority has the need of an exhaustive comprehension of applied specialization in development and in the business endeavors (Caglio and Cameran 2017). Confidentiality Confidentiality is of utmost importance in the work field of accountancy. The revelation of data or activities related to the finances of the customer may have devastating consequences. Accountancy experts should not uncover to an outsider, expose or reveal any classified data that they obtain through a business relationship unless the customer particularly approves the accountant to do as such (Azimi and Naim 2015). Access to the information by any person who isn't especially endorsed to get the information for a genuine reason should be confined from the association's part. The classification guideline shields a business from its adversaries supports an association's undertakings to keep up the association's high grounds and keeps the interruption of different organizations under control (Fu 2014). The specific case to this need is the legal duty not to uncover the information. Clients view accountants as workers bound by strict guides. Accountants, thus, must complete appropriate controls to ensure that trust as needed by the expert set of standards. For example, accountants ought to advise subordinates of the sense of duty regarding assurance of the security and uprightness of information. An accountant must ensure that interior staff people, who give direction or help, respect the accountant's commitment to the protection of data. The accountant moreover should screen subordinates' activities to insist this need is being met. Such security measures help to ensure a client won't sue the accountant as a result of insubordination of commitment and that the accountant's reputation won't be hurt on account of powerlessness to shield private information (Nathan 2015). It's basic that no new information is used directly by the accountant for deceitful or unlawful purposes. Involving in such acts breaks the trust between the client and the accountant. Likewise, keeping up the security of client records is one of the accountant's pivotal commitments and should be m aintained under any circumstances. Conclusion Everything in life can be viewed from both a negative and a positive perspective. It depends on the persons choice as to whether or not adhere to an ethical system. Each accountant will most certainly be confronted with multiple moral problems at various points of his or her work life. Accountants likewise have to settle on moral choices consistently amid the customary course of their profession. It is critical that accountants try to maintain their professional frameworks with eminence and righteousness. It is inhuman to consider that each individual can illuminate every single moral predicament and thus it is imperative to realize that there are support and assets accessible to the accountants who need it. Dealing with the moral atmosphere of an association isn't undemanding given the numerous factors that can work against it, both inner and outer elements involving the firm. Corporate morals policies do not necessarily eliminate nor does it settle most of the astounding conflicts of kind regard that rise in various social and budgetary fields today. Over the coming days, managers' undertakings to fortify the ethical air in their affiliations will be of significant importance for agents, for the functionality of the associations and for the society to move around at will. References Alleyne, P., Weekes-Marshall, D., Estwick, S. and Chaderton, R., 2014. Factors Influencing Ethical Intentions Among Future Accounting Professionals in the Caribbean.Journal of Academic Ethics,12(2), pp.129-144. Amponsah, E.B., Boateng, P.A. and Onuoha, L.N., 2016. Lack of Integrity among Ghanaian Accounting Academics: Upshot on Employers' Operational Costs.Journal of Accounting and Finance,16(2), p.87. Azimi, D. and Naim, M., 2015. Impact of Organization Internal Factors on Ethical Intensity of Accountants in Afghanistan. Caglio, A. and Cameran, M., 2017. Is it Shameful to be an Accountant? GenMe Perception (s) of Accountants' Ethics.Abacus,53(1), pp.1-27. Fu, W., 2014. The impact of emotional intelligence, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction on ethical behavior of Chinese employees.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.137-144. Mintz, S., 2014. Maintaining Integrity and Objectivity.The CPA Journal,84(10), p.56. Nathan, D., 2015. How South African societal and circumstantial influences affect the ethical standards of prospective South African Chartered Accountants.African Journal of Business Ethics,9(1). Nitzl, C., Nitzl, C., Hirsch, B. and Hirsch, B., 2016. The drivers of a superiors trust formation in his subordinate: The managermanagement accountant example.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,12(4), pp.472-503.

Salvador Dali Example For Students

Salvador Dali Biography Salvador Dali (11 May 1904  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 23 January 1989) Salvador Dali, the most eccentric and extraordinary person in Spanish painting, was born on May 11, 1904, in Figueres, Spain. His parents were very different. His father had a strict disciplinary approach to raising children that differed with that of his mother. She supported young Salvador in his art and weirdness. She believed in God, while Salvador’s father was an atheist. In his early childhood, the behavior and predilections of Salvador reflected his irresistible energy and eccentric character. Frequent whims and hysterics irritated Dalis father, but his mother tried to find different ways to please her beloved son. We will write a custom essay on Salvador Dali specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many historians believe that Dali was named after his father, but thats not entirely true. Although the father and the son had the same names, younger Salvador Dali was named after his brother, who died at the age of two. As a result, at the age of 5, he started to feel like the reincarnation of his dead brother and the echo of the past. Salvador had a sister as well who was born in 1908. Later, they became close friends. At an early age, parents noticed how gifted their child was. Being 4 years old, Salvador was making huge efforts when trying to draw which was not typical for such a little child. At the age of six, Dali was attracted by the image of Napoleon and identified himself with a great conqueror. Dressed in a fancy dress of the king, Dali received a great pleasure looking like Napoleon. The first picture Salvador Dali drew when he was 10 years old. It was a small impressionistic landscape, painted on a wooden board with oil paints. Dali’s highly sophisticated drawings made both of his parents support his artistic talent. They decided to build a small art studio for him before he went to an art school. Parents sent him to drawing school in 1916. Despite the fact that young Salvador was very intelligent, he wasn’t a diligent student at a school. Moreover, he looked bizarre wearing odd clothing and long hair, used to daydream in class and seemed weird to the classmates. Dali was incredibly talented, and at the age of 14, his paintings were at the exhibition in Figueres. At the age of sixteen, Dali began to put his thoughts on paper. Painting and literature were an integral part of his creative life. In 1919, he published essays on Velà ¡zquez, Goya, El Greco, Michelangelo, and Leonardo. The same year he participated in student disturbances and was put into jail. In 1921, Salvador Dali went to Madrid and enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts. He did not like studying. He believed that he himself could teach his teachers the art of drawing. He remained in Madrid just because he enjoyed communicating with his comrades. He was close to a   group of well-known artistic personalities where he met a filmmaker Luis Buà ±uel and poet Federico Garcà ­a Lorca. In 1924, Dali was expelled from the academy due to his misbehavior. He returned there in a year, however, was expelled again and couldn’t get back. The reason for the expulsion was the rude answer to the professor on one of the exams. He was asked to name the three greatest artists in the world. Dali replied that he would not answer such questions because teachers from the academy had no rights to judge him. Dali despised teachers all the time. By that time Salvador Dali had already had his solo exhibition, which was visited by Pablo Picasso himself.   In the early 20s, Dali was fascinated by the work of the Futurists, but he was determined to create his own style in painting. At this time, he had new friends and acquaintances. .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 , .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .postImageUrl , .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 , .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3:hover , .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3:visited , .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3:active { border:0!important; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3:active , .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3 .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueea88b49bbf8f1d8fec4392180064dc3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Francisco GoyaSalvador Dali and Luis Buà ±uell were both captivated with Surrealism. As a result, a famous filmmaker released Andalusian Dog, a movie that had a surrealistic bias. Both men became icons of the surrealist absurd. In 1929, Dali officially became a surrealist. The personal life of Salvador Dali did not have bright moments until 1929. In 1929, Dali fell in love with Elena Diakonova, also known as Gala. She was the wife of a famous writer Paul Eluard, but her relationship with her husband came to an end by that time. She was a woman who became the muse of Dali for the rest of his life. Gala lived the life of Dali, and he admired her. At one of his exhibitions in London, Dali decided to read a lecture in the suit of a diver and started suffocating. By actively gesticulating with his hands, he asked to remove his helmet. Luckily, the public took this as a joke. In 1937, Dali visited Italy in order to know more about Renaissance painting. After an occupation in France, he went in the US, where he opened a new studio. It was the place where the great genius wrote one of his best books about his secret life. When this book was published, it received serious criticism from the press. In 1948, Salvador Dali returned to Spain. In 1953, he conducted a large retrospective exhibition of Salvador Dali in Rome. He presented 24 paintings, 27 drawings, and 102 watercolors. In 1959, Dali and Gala built their own home in Port-Lligat. By that time, nobody doubted the talent of the great artist. His paintings were bought for a huge amount of money by fans and lovers of luxurious artworks. The huge canvases created by Dali in the 60s were very expensive. A lot of millionaires thought it was trendy to have a picture of Salvador Dali in their collections. At the end of the 60s, the relationship between Dali and Gala were ruined. Gala asked Dali to buy her a castle, where she could enjoy the company of young people. At the age of 80, Dali contracted some serious health problems. Doctors suspected that Dali had Parkinsons disease. The muse of his life, Gala, died on July 10, 1982. Her death was devastating for a great artist. By the end of 1983, his mood seemed to be better. He walked in the garden and tried to paint. However, old age prevailed over his ingenious mind. On August 30, 1984, the house of Dali was burned. Burns on the artist’s body covered 18% of the skin. By February 1985, Dalis well-being had somewhat got better, and he was able to give an interview to the largest Spanish newspaper, Pais. In November 1988, Dali was hospitalized due to serious heart problems. The heart of Salvador Dali stopped on January 23, 1989. His body was dangled as he requested, and laid in his museum in Figueres for a week. Thousands of people came to say goodbye to a great genius. Salvador Dali was buried in the center of his museum under an unmarked plate. Salvador Dali is called the great genius of surrealism of the 20th century.